Do Cars Emit Electromagnetic Waves?
Yes, cars emit electromagnetic waves. While conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles generate only limited levels of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), most health concerns stem from long-term exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs), which are more prominent in electric and hybrid vehicles.
ICE Vehicles
Primary LF-MF sources
- Alternator
- Ignition coils
- Starter motor
- Various electronic components (e.g., ECUs)
Magnetic field levels
Generally low, often in the range of a few hundred nanotesla (nT) or less during normal operation.
Exposure characteristics
LF-MFs are typically short-lived (e.g., during engine startup) and localized near specific components.
Electrified Vehicles (HEVs, PHEVs, BEVs)
Primary LF-MF sources
- High-voltage batteries
- Inverters and converters
- Electric motors
- High-current cables
Magnetic field levels
- Can reach several microtesla (µT), especially near batteries or power cables.
- In some cases, levels exceed 10 µT near the feet or seats.
- For reference, the World Health Organization (WHO) has cited studies indicating that prolonged exposure above 0.3–0.4 µT may be possibly carcinogenic.
Exposure characteristics
LF-MFs are typically continuous and stronger, especially during acceleration, charging, or high power demand.
Comparative Studies
Research, including the JRC 2022 Technical Report (European Commission), shows that:
- LF-MF exposure is higher and more widespread in electrified vehicles.
- Peak exposure often occurs:
- Near the floor (due to cable routing)
- In the rear seat (above the battery pack)
- In some cases, EMF levels in EVs approach or exceed public reference levels set by ICNIRP
Mitigation
Electrified vehicles often use shielding, cable routing, and filtering to reduce EMF exposure. Some newer technologies (like SafeFields, which you’ve mentioned before) aim to further reduce LF magnetic field exposure at the source.
